| E1D1 | DEF. 1. By that which is self-caused, I mean that of which the essence involves existence, or that of which... |
| E1D2 | DEF. 2. A thing is called finite after its kind, when it can be limited by another thing of the same nature... |
| E1D3 | DEF. 3. By substance, I mean that which is in itself, and is conceived through itself: in other words, that... |
| E1D4 | DEF. 4. By attribute, I mean that which the intellect perceives as constituting the essence of substance. |
| E1D5 | DEF. 5. By mode, I mean the modifications of substance, or that which exists in, and is conceived through,... |
| E1D6 | DEF. 6. By God, I mean a being absolutely infinite--that is, a substance consisting in infinite attributes,... |
| E1D7 | DEF. 7. That thing is called free, which exists solely by the necessity of its own nature, and of which the... |
| E1D8 | DEF. 8. By eternity, I mean existence itself, in so far as it is conceived necessarily to follow solely fro... |
| E1A1 | AXIOM. 1. Everything which exists, exists either in itself or in something else. |
| E1A2 | AXIOM. 2. That which cannot be conceived through anything else must be conceived through itself. |
| E1A3 | AXIOM. 3. From a given definite cause an effect necessarily follows; and, on the other hand, if no definite c... |
| E1A4 | AXIOM. 4. The knowledge of an effect depends on and involves the knowledge of a cause. |
| E1A5 | AXIOM. 5. Things which have nothing in common cannot be understood, the one by means of the other; the concep... |
| E1A6 | AXIOM. 6. A true idea must correspond with its ideate or object. |
| E1A7 | AXIOM. 7. If a thing can be conceived as non-existing its essence does not involve existence. |
| E1P1 | PROP. 1. Substance is by nature prior to its modifications. |
| E1P2 | PROP. 2. Two substances, whose attributes are different, have nothing in common. |
| E1P3 | PROP. 3. Things which have nothing in common cannot be one the cause of the other. |
| E1P4 | PROP. 4. Two or more distinct things are distinguished one from the other, either by the difference of the a... |
| E1P5 | PROP. 5. There cannot exist in the universe two or more substances having the same nature or attribute. |
| E1P6 | PROP. 6. One substance cannot be produced by another substance. |
| E1P6C | PROP. 6, Cor. Hence it follows that a substance cannot be produced by anything external to itself. |
| E1P7 | PROP. 7. Existence belongs to the nature of substance. |
| E1P8 | PROP. 8. Every substance is necessarily infinite. |
| E1P9 | PROP. 9. The more reality or being a thing has the greater the number of its attributes (E1D4). |
| E1P10 | PROP. 10. Each particular attribute of the one substance must be conceived through itself. |
| E1P11 | PROP. 11. God, or substance, consisting of infinite attributes, of which each expresses eternal and infinite... |
| E1P12 | PROP. 12. No attribute of substance can be conceived from which it would follow that substance can be divided... |
| E1P13 | PROP. 13. Substance absolutely infinite is indivisible. |
| E1P13C | PROP. 13, Cor. It follows, that no substance, and consequently no extended substance, in so far as it is substance... |
| E1P14 | PROP. 14. Besides God no substance can be granted or conceived. |
| E1P14C1 | PROP. 14, Cor. 1. Clearly, therefore: 1. God is one, that is (by E1D6) only one substance can be gran... |
| E1P14C2 | PROP. 14, Cor. 2. It follows: 2. That extension and thought are either attributes of God or (by E1A1)... |
| E1P15 | PROP. 15. Whatsoever is, is in God, and without God nothing can be, or be conceived. |
| E1P16 | PROP. 16. From the necessity of the divine nature must follow an infinite number of things in infinite ways--... |
| E1P16C1 | PROP. 16, Cor. 1. Hence it follows, that God is the efficient cause of all that can fall within the sphere of an infi... |
| E1P16C2 | PROP. 16, Cor. 2. It also follows that God is a cause in himself, and not through an accident of his nature. |
| E1P16C3 | PROP. 16, Cor. 3. It follows, thirdly, that God is the absolutely first cause. |
| E1P17 | PROP. 17. God acts solely by the laws of his own nature, and is not constrained by anyone. |
| E1P17C1 | PROP. 17, Cor. 1. It follows: 1. That there can be no cause which, either extrinsically or intrinsically, besides the... |
| E1P17C2 | PROP. 17, Cor. 2. It follows: 2. That God is the sole free cause. For God alone exists by the sole necessity of his n... |
| E1P18 | PROP. 18. God is the indwelling and not the transient cause of all things. |
| E1P19 | PROP. 19. God, and all the attributes of God, are eternal. |
| E1P20 | PROP. 20. The existence of God and his essence are one and the same. |
| E1P20C1 | PROP. 20, Cor. 1. Hence it follows that God's existence, like His essence, is an eternal truth. |
| E1P20C2 | PROP. 20, Cor. 2. Secondly, it follows that God, and all the attributes of God, are unchangeable. For if they could b... |
| E1P21 | PROP. 21. All things which follow from the absolute nature of any attribute of God must always exist and be i... |
| E1P22 | PROP. 22. Whatsoever follows from any attribute of God, in so far as it is modified by a modification, which... |
| E1P23 | PROP. 23. Every mode, which exists both necessarily and as infinite, must necessarily follow either from the... |
| E1P24 | PROP. 24. The essence of things produced by God does not involve existence. |
| E1P24C | PROP. 24, Cor. Hence it follows that God is not only the cause of things coming into existence, but also of their... |
| E1P25 | PROP. 25. God is the efficient cause not only of the existence of things, but also of their essence. |
| E1P25C | PROP. 25, Cor. Individual things are nothing but modifications of the attributes of God, or modes by which the att... |
| E1P26 | PROP. 26. A thing which is conditioned to act in a particular manner, has necessarily been thus conditioned b... |
| E1P27 | PROP. 27. A thing, which has been conditioned by God to act in a particular way, cannot render itself uncondi... |
| E1P28 | PROP. 28. Every individual thing, or everything which is finite and has a conditioned existence, cannot exist... |
| E1P29 | PROP. 29. Nothing in the universe is contingent, but all things are conditioned to exist and operate in a par... |
| E1P30 | PROP. 30. Intellect, in function (actu) finite, or in function infinite, must comprehend the attributes of Go... |
| E1P31 | PROP. 31. The intellect in function, whether finite or infinite, as will, desire, love, etc., should be referr... |
| E1P32 | PROP. 32. Will cannot be called a free cause, but only a necessary cause. |
| E1P32C1 | PROP. 32, Cor. 1. Hence it follows, first, that God does not act according to freedom of the will. |
| E1P32C2 | PROP. 32, Cor. 2. It follows, secondly, that will and intellect stand in the same relation to the nature of God as do... |
| E1P33 | PROP. 33. Things could not have been brought into being by God in any manner or in any order different from t... |
| E1P34 | PROP. 34. God's power is identical with his essence. |
| E1P35 | PROP. 35. Whatsoever we conceive to be in the power of God, necessarily exists. |
| E1P36 | PROP. 36. There is no cause from whose nature some effect does not follow. |
| E1APND | APPENDIX. In the foregoing I have explained the nature and properties of God. I have shown that he necessaril... |